Insect pollination of cacao in Costa Rica. 1. Preliminary list of the ceratopogonid midges collected from flowers. In: Theobroma v. 10 p. 61-68, 1980.

Abstract

Lack of pollination is a limiting factor in the production of cacao in many parts of Central and South America. Although other insects such as thrips, ants and aphids may accidentally pollinate cacao flowers, in recent years some species of tiny Forcipomyia midges have been shown to be the most effective and important pollinators.